Iron and zinc are essential trace minerals critical for numerous physiological functions and overall health. Their modern uses and benefits are extensively supported by scientific research.

Iron is a key component of haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. It is also crucial for various enzymatic processes and DNA synthesis. Iron deficiency, which can lead to anaemia, is common and particularly affects women, children, and individuals with chronic diseases. Ferrous sulphate, a common form of iron supplement, is used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anaemia. It improves oxygen transport, energy levels, and cognitive function. Studies show that adequate iron levels are essential for maintaining cognitive performance, particularly in children and adolescents, where deficiency can lead to impaired learning and behavioural issues (PubMed Central, 2021).

Zinc is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, including DNA synthesis, cell division, protein synthesis, and immune function. It plays a significant role in wound healing, taste perception, and growth and development. Zinc deficiency can impair immune function, delay wound healing, and increase susceptibility to infections. Modern uses of zinc supplements include boosting immune function, treating the common cold, and managing skin conditions like acne. Research highlights zinc's role in reducing the duration and severity of cold symptoms, supporting immune health, and improving skin health by reducing inflammation and promoting faster healing (PubMed Central, 2010).

Both iron and zinc have shown potential benefits in supporting cognitive function and behaviour, particularly in those with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). A study published in Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry found that those with ADHD often have lower levels of zinc and iron compared to their peers. Supplementation with these minerals improved symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention (ScienceDirect, 2007). Another study highlighted that zinc supplementation could improve ADHD symptoms, providing a safer alternative to traditional stimulant medications with fewer side effects (ScienceDirect, 2019). Additionally, research indicates that ensuring adequate iron intake can support overall cognitive function and potentially reduce ADHD symptoms (PubMed Central, 2010; 2021).