The findings suggest that Hericium erinaceus may improve speed of performance and reduce subjective stress, one of the comorbidities of ADHD.

Patients' mean scores improved for Conners' hyperactivity, inattention, and immaturity factors. . Although the sample size is very small and generalization is very difficult, this observation indicates that Panax ginseng may be a slightly effective treatment for ADHD.

Ginkgo Biloba is known to modulate dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine signalling. Flavonoid glycosides and terpene trilactones are the two major phytochemical components present in the Ginkgo Biloba preparations.

Change from baseline scores indicated positive cognitive effects, suggesting an earlier nootropic effect of BM than previously investigated. There were also some positive mood effects and reduction in cortisol levels, pointing to a physiological mechanism for stress reduction associated with BM consumption.

This study concluded that Passiflora incarnata is important in herbal medicine for treating anxiety or nervousness, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), symptoms of opiate withdrawal, insomnia, neuralgia, convulsion, spasmodic asthma, ADHD, palpitations, cardiac rhythm abnormalities, hypertension, sexual dysfunction, and menopause.

In conclusion, in paediatric ADHD and especially in the primary school environment, Pine Bark was proven to be a good alternative for Methylphenidate for those willing to wait a few weeks for effects, a fortiori when considering its almost complete lack of adverse effects as opposed to MPH.

Ginkgo preparations may affect the behavioural and cognitive aspects of ADHD. The predominant behavioural effects are calming and improved frustration tolerance. Ginkgo Biloba induces willful cognition, discriminant attention and decreases irritability.

The results of the meta-analysis concluded that PS had a positive effect on the memory of older adults with cognitive decline. Thus, PS appears to improve age-associated cognitive decline, especially memory, with no adverse effects.

Anti-depressant and mood-stabilizing effects have also been proposed for Valerian, which could be due to the plant's ability to interfere with noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitters, especially Serotonin and GABA.