Pine bark extract, often derived from the bark of the maritime pine tree (Pinus pinaster), has been valued for its medicinal properties for centuries. Originating from the Mediterranean region, it has been traditionally used for treating scurvy, wound healing, and inflammation. The extract is rich in polyphenols, specifically proanthocyanidins, which have potent antioxidant properties.

In contemporary health practices, pine bark extract, commonly branded as Pycnogenol, is widely used for its various therapeutic benefits. Modern studies have demonstrated its efficacy in improving cardiovascular health, managing diabetes, enhancing skin health, and boosting immune function. A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology highlighted the extract's ability to inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity, thereby reducing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. This suggests its potential in managing blood sugar levels and contributing to diabetes care.

The extract's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also make it beneficial in reducing oxidative stress and improving overall cellular health. Its role in enhancing blood flow and vascular function is particularly noted, providing benefits for conditions like chronic venous insufficiency and hypertension.

Regarding ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study highlighted its effectiveness in improving symptoms of inattention and impulsivity in children with ADHD. The study found that supplementation with pine bark extract significantly reduced oxidative stress markers and improved cognitive function and behavioural symptoms in children (PubMed, 2021). Another research article from the Nutraceutical Business Review supported these findings, indicating that pine bark extract could be a natural adjunct therapy for managing ADHD symptoms, offering a safer alternative to traditional stimulant medications with fewer side effects.